What is valley fever in dogs?

Valley fever, also known as coccidioidomycosis, is a fungal infection that primarily affects dogs in the southwestern United States, particularly in Arizona and California. The disease is caused by inhaling spores of the Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii fungi, which are found in the soil.

Symptoms:

• Coughing
• Difficulty breathing
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Weight loss
• Lack of appetite
• Lameness or limping (due to bone involvement in some cases)
• Skin lesions
• Swollen lymph nodes

Diagnosis: To diagnose valley fever in dogs, veterinarians may perform various tests, including blood tests, fungal serology, chest X-rays, and, in some cases, a fungal culture. It is crucial to distinguish valley fever from other respiratory conditions, as the treatment approaches can differ.

Treatment: The treatment for valley fever typically includes antifungal medications, such as fluconazole or itraconazole, administered orally for several months. In severe cases or when the infection has spread to other organs, more aggressive treatments like amphotericin B may be necessary. Regular monitoring of the dog's bloodwork is essential during the treatment period.

Prevention: Preventing valley fever in dogs primarily revolves around avoiding exposure to the fungal spores. Pet owners should avoid dirt areas where the fungi may be present and prevent their dogs from digging or playing in such locations. In areas where the disease is prevalent, limiting outdoor activities during windy conditions or using protective clothing like dog boots and masks can also help reduce the risk.

It is essential to consult with a veterinarian if you suspect your dog may have valley fever. Early detection and appropriate treatment significantly increase the chances of a successful recovery.